The basis of the Textile Production collection consists of items acquired from the textile pavilion of the Jubilee Exhibition of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Prague in 1908. The scope of the collection has evolved into different parts: natural and synthetic textile raw materials, spinning machines and devices, hand and mechanical looms, hand weaving, dyeing and printing of fabrics, textile testing, sewing machines, and the production of pins and needles, as well as textile samples and sample books.
The development of the textile collection was subdued after World War II, and it now contains only a few examples of the rationalization process in textile production (e.g., the groundbreaking Jet Loom P 45 from 1955 in many respects). In 2002, the collection was significantly affected by flooding. Currently, the collection is divided into two main parts: textile technology, which includes a section for samples and sample books, and sewing technology. The entire collection comprises nearly 1,000 active inventory numbers.