The oldest period of chemistry is represented in the collections by a complete alchemical laboratory, furnished and equipped with replicas of vessels and tools from the late 15th century. The exhibits were created in 1914 based on a design by Otakar Zachar. The collection consists of glass containers, referred to by period terminology as retorts, alembics, pelicans, and cucurbits, as well as various clay vessels, distillation apparatus, iron tongs, and other tools of the medieval alchemist. The glass items were supplied by the Kavalier glassworks in Sázava.